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Corrective maintenance of hydraulic pumps

Whether it's to deliver drinking water, power industrial machinery or keep agricultural irrigation systems running, hydraulic pumps are becoming an increasingly indispensable part of everyday human life. However, even with regular maintenance, these essential machines can end up being damaged or breaking down. This is where corrective maintenance comes in, because although you may already know how to maintain hydraulic pumps to avoid failure, it's important to have an idea of the innovative techniques and strategies that can be used to repair them when they struggle to function. So get ready to go behind the scenes of mechanical resurrection and discover the secrets of corrective maintenance for hydraulic pumps.

What are the different types of hydraulic pump?

Hydraulic pumps are essential devices in many industrial and mechanical applications. They are used to generate and transmit mechanical force using hydraulic fluid. There are several types of hydraulic pump, each with its own characteristics and advantages.

- Gear pumps

These are one of the most common types of hydraulic pump. They consist of two rotating gears that create a partial vacuum and draw the hydraulic fluid into the pump.

These pumps offer a constant flow rate and are often used in low-pressure hydraulic systems, such as vehicle transmissions and light equipment.

- Piston pumps

Characterised by the use of pistons that move in cylinders to generate the flow of hydraulic fluid, they can be axial piston pumps, where the pistons move parallel to the axis of rotation, or radial piston pumps, where the pistons move radially in relation to the axis of rotation.

These pumps offer high performance, high efficiency and are capable of handling high pressures, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.

- Vane pumps

Vane pumps use vanes that move radially in a rotor to compress hydraulic fluid. They offer a combination of medium flow and moderate pressure.

They are widely used in mobile and industrial applications, such as agricultural machinery, lifting equipment and die-cutting presses.

- Screw pumps

Screw pumps use rotating screws to move hydraulic fluid. They offer high flow rates and excellent efficiency in high-pressure applications.

These pumps are used in complex industrial hydraulic systems, such as injection moulding machines, extrusion machines and drilling systems.

- Diaphragm pumps

Based on the movement of a flexible diaphragm to compress hydraulic fluid, these machines are often used in hydraulic systems where a total seal is required, such as vehicle hydraulic braking systems and vibration control systems.

How do hydraulic pumps work?

Quelles précautions à prendre pour vos pompes hydrauliques? - L'Éclaireur Progrès et l'Hebdo Régional

The operation of a hydraulic pump is based on the fundamental principle of converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

This type of pump uses a device, such as a rotor or piston, to create mechanical movement. When this movement is initiated, hydraulic fluid is drawn into the pump through the inlet opening. As the movement continues, the fluid is compressed and moved towards the pump outlet.

The mechanical movement generated by the pump creates a pressure difference between the pump inlet and outlet. This pressure difference allows the hydraulic fluid to be moved through the hydraulic system, providing the force and flow required to operate cylinders, hydraulic motors or other system components.

It is also important to understand how a hydraulic pump works in order to diagnose any faults. In other words, by carefully analysing the pump's performance, assessing pressure, flow and noise levels, and inspecting the internal components, it is possible to determine whether the pump is operating optimally or whether there are any problems that require corrective maintenance.

How do you diagnose a faulty hydraulic pump?

Maintenance hydraulique

Wondering how to diagnose a faulty hydraulic pump? Well, there are signs that can't be mistaken!

It's up to you to pay attention to these signals in order to diagnose the problem quickly and take the appropriate action.

- Reduced performance

One of the first indicators of a faulty hydraulic pump is a drop in performance. You may notice a drop in pressure or flow in the hydraulic system. Movements of hydraulic cylinders or motors may become slow or inefficient. A loss of performance can have a significant impact on the productivity and efficiency of hydraulic equipment.

- Abnormal noises

Unusual noises, such as grinding, cracking or popping, may indicate problems within the hydraulic pump. These noises may be the result of worn components, internal leaks or poor lubrication.

It is important not to ignore these sound signals, as they may indicate impending damage or failure.

- Fluid leaks

Hydraulic fluid leaks are obvious signs of damage in a hydraulic pump. They can occur in seals, fittings or other pump components.

It is important to locate and repair leaks quickly, as they can lead to a drop in pressure, contamination of the hydraulic system and increased deterioration of components.

- Overheating

If your machine overheats, it may be the result of internal malfunction, insufficient lubrication or excessive friction. Prolonged overheating can damage the pump's components and considerably reduce its lifespan.

It is essential to carefully monitor the pump temperature and identify potential causes of overheating.

- Excessive vibration

Excessive vibration may indicate alignment problems, imbalances or internal damage in the hydraulic pump. Abnormal vibration can accelerate component wear and cause premature failure.

It is important to detect and correct excessive vibration quickly to prevent future problems.

Once these signs have been identified, it is essential to carry out a thorough diagnosis to determine the underlying cause of the problems and put in place the necessary corrective maintenance measures to restore the hydraulic pump to good working order.

How do I repair a faulty hydraulic pump?

Maintenance corrective | Haladjian

When a hydraulic pump shows signs of failure, it is essential to carry out a proper repair to restore its proper operation. To do this, you need to follow the steps below:

- Assessment and diagnosis

When problems are detected, the first step is to assess the extent of the faults and diagnose the underlying causes. This may involve visually inspecting components, measuring pressure and flow levels, and using diagnostic tools such as pressure gauges or vibration analysers.

The aim is to accurately identify the problems in order to determine the necessary repair actions.

- Dismantling the pump

Once the diagnosis has been made, the hydraulic pump needs to be dismantled. This involves removing the pump's external and internal components, such as covers, fittings and fasteners.

It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and take precautions to avoid further damage to the pump during the disassembly process.

- Repairing components

Once the pump has been dismantled, defective parts must be repaired or replaced. This may include replacing damaged seals, bearings, gears or pistons.

It is essential to use quality replacement parts and to follow the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure the reliability and durability of repairs.

- Cleaning and reassembly

Before reassembling the pump, it is essential to thoroughly clean all components to remove any residue, dirt or particles that could compromise its operation. Once clean, the parts must be reassembled according to the recommended procedures, ensuring correct alignment and tightening of the components.

- Tests and adjustments

Once reassembled, the hydraulic pump must be subjected to rigorous tests to check that it is working properly. This may include pressure, flow and performance tests to ensure that it is operating to the required specification. Adjustments may be necessary to optimise pump settings and ensure optimum performance.

- Regular monitoring and maintenance

Finally, you should regularly monitor the hydraulic pump and put in place a preventive maintenance programme. This includes regular inspections, filter and fluid changes, and periodic performance checks. Proper maintenance will help prevent future failures and extend the life of the pump.

By following these steps when carrying out corrective maintenance on hydraulic pumps, it is possible to restore their optimum performance and minimise costly downtime. However, we recommend that you call in qualified hydraulic maintenance professionals to carry out this work, as they have the knowledge and experience to carry out repairs and adjustments safely and effectively.

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