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Common failures of hydraulic pumps

Imagine a critical situation where an essential hydraulic pump in your industrial system fails, causing production stoppages. It's at times like these that the importance of understanding common hydraulic pump failures becomes crucial. Wondering how to identify the warning signs of hydraulic pump deterioration? In this article, we'll explore the insidious problems faced by these machines and reveal how to maintain them to maximise their lifespan.

What does a hydraulic pump do?

A hydraulic pump is an essential mechanical device used to transfer energy from a moving hydraulic fluid to a mechanical system.

Operating according to well-established physical principles, it plays a crucial role in many fields, from industry to vehicles, construction and many others.

The operation of a hydraulic pump is based on an energy conversion process, where it uses a power source, such as an electric motor or internal combustion engine, to drive a rotary motion. This motion is then transferred to one or more internal pump components, such as gears, pistons or vanes, which draw hydraulic fluid into the pump and push it through pipes to create a pressure flow.

By providing the correct pressure and flow of hydraulic fluid, a hydraulic pump is able to power the actuators, such as cylinders and hydraulic motors, that carry out the movements and tasks required to operate the system.

Causes of hydraulic pump failure

Défaillances et entretien des pompes et des moteurs hydrauliques - Maxicours

Hydraulic pumps are subject to a variety of forces and operating conditions that can lead to failure. By identifying the causes of hydraulic pump failure, it is possible to implement preventive and corrective measures to keep them in good working order.

- Wear and ageing of components

Over time, the internal parts of hydraulic pumps wear down naturally as a result of the mechanical forces, friction and stresses to which they are subjected. Seals, bearings, gears or pistons can deteriorate, leading to leaks and reduced pump performance.

- Contamination of hydraulic fluids

The presence of solid particles, water, chemical contaminants or air in the hydraulic fluid can have a negative impact on pump operation. Abrasive particles can cause damage to internal surfaces, while water and chemical contaminants can cause corrosion of components. Trapped air can cause bubbles and cavitation, reducing pump efficiency.

- Overloading and extreme operating conditions

Hydraulic pumps are designed to operate within certain pressure and flow rate ranges. Frequent overloading or extreme operating conditions, such as high temperatures or sudden variations in pressure, can lead to premature wear of components, leaks and a general deterioration in pump performance.

- Lubrication and maintenance problems

An ineffective lubrication system or inadequate maintenance can cause major problems for hydraulic pumps. A lack of adequate lubrication can lead to increased friction and component wear, while neglected maintenance can lead to undetected leaks, filtration problems and hydraulic system imbalance.

Symptoms of hydraulic pump failure

Explications de pannes du système SCR et AdBlue

As a pump owner or user, you owe it to yourself to recognise the warning signs of impending pump abrasion. By recognising these symptoms of hydraulic pump failure, you'll be able to take preventative measures to avoid bigger problems.

If you hear strange noises, notice a drop in pressure, a loss of power, fluid leaks or an increase in your machine's operating temperature, don't ignore them! Call in a qualified professional to inspect and repair your hydraulic pump before the damage gets any worse.

- Abnormal noises

Imagine working in your workshop when suddenly you hear an eerie squealing noise coming from the hydraulic pump. You're wondering what's going on and you're feeling a bit worried. Well, that noise could be a clear sign that there's a problem.

Squeaks, rattles or even knocks from the pump often indicate worn components or cavitation. This may sound a little technical, but in simple terms it means that something is wrong inside the pump and that this can cause further damage if not resolved quickly.

- A drop in pressure

You're using your hydraulic equipment, but you notice that the pressure isn't what it should be. You're wondering why your tools aren't working as usual.

Well, a drop in hydraulic pressure can be a tell-tale sign of potential problems. This could be due to an oil leak somewhere in the system or a malfunction in the pump itself.

If the pressure is not properly maintained, it can lead to a reduction in the performance of your equipment and compromise your productivity.

- A pronounced loss of power

You're trying to lift a heavy load with your hydraulic equipment, but you notice that it's becoming increasingly difficult. The power seems to have gone. Well, this could be a clear indicator of pump failure.

The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating the power needed to operate your machinery and tools. If it fails to deliver the required power, it could be due to a variety of problems, such as worn internal components, insufficient lubrication or inadequate hydraulic pressure. As a result, your equipment will not operate to its full potential, which will have an impact on your efficiency and results.

- Hydraulic fluid leaks

If you notice drops of fluid or traces of fluid around the pump, fittings or seals, this indicates a loss of pressure and a risk of failure. Leaks can be caused by worn seals, loose fittings or cracks in components. It is important to identify and resolve the source of the leak quickly to maintain the integrity and efficiency of the hydraulic system.

- Increased operating temperature

An abnormally high operating temperature of the hydraulic pump can indicate a number of potential problems. It may be the result of excessive friction due to lack of lubrication, component alignment problems, system overload or deterioration of internal parts.

An increase in temperature can also be caused by a failure in the pump's cooling system. An overheated pump can lead to premature component degradation and reduced overall performance.

Early diagnosis and resolution of temperature-related problems is crucial to prevent major failures.

How should hydraulic pumps be maintained to prevent failure?

Entretien et réparation des pompes industrielles - ST SOLUTIONS - Suisse

Wondering how to maintain hydraulic pumps to prevent failure?

Here are a few tips to follow:

- Follow a preventive maintenance programme

Draw up a scheduled preventive maintenance plan based on the manufacturer's recommendations and the specific requirements of your hydraulic equipment. This may include regular inspections, pressure and flow checks, oil analysis, filter replacement, and lubrication and greasing of components.

- Monitor hydraulic fluid levels

Make sure the hydraulic fluid reservoir is properly filled and monitor levels regularly. Also check the quality of the fluid for contaminants or degradation. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for fluid drain and replacement intervals.

- Use quality filters

Filters play a crucial role in protecting hydraulic pumps from contaminants. Use high-quality filters and replace them regularly in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. This will help prevent the build-up of solid particles and keep the hydraulic fluid clean.

- Ensure adequate lubrication

Ensure that all lubrication points, such as bearings and gears, are properly lubricated. Use the lubricant recommended by the manufacturer and follow the appropriate lubrication intervals. Insufficient lubrication can lead to excessive friction and premature wear of components.

- Monitor and repair leaks quickly

Detect and resolve hydraulic fluid leaks quickly. Leaks may indicate worn seals or damaged components. Repair or replace faulty parts as soon as possible to prevent further damage and maintain pump efficiency.

- Train your staff

Make sure that operators and technicians who work on hydraulic pumps are properly trained. They should be aware of best practice in use, maintenance and safety, as well as the warning signs of faults. Proper training can help prevent errors and detect problems early.

By following these maintenance practices, you can reduce the risk of hydraulic pump failure, extend their useful life and ensure optimum performance. Don't forget to refer to the manufacturer's specific recommendations for maintenance tailored to your hydraulic pump model.

Still on the same theme

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- Safety regulations for the use of hydraulic pumps and how to comply with them

- How are hydraulic pumps used in vehicle lifting and moving systems?

- The main manufacturers of hydraulic pumps and the differences between their products

- What are the characteristics of a hydraulic pump?

- How do you choose the right hydraulic pump for your specific application?

- What is the difference between a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor?

- How do hydraulic pumps work and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

- The different types of hydraulic pump

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