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What is a pressure valve?

Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourselfer, hydraulic motors are complex for everyone. They are made up of multiple parts, each with its own specific features and importance. In this tangle of hydraulic valves, it's hard to find your way around. So what is a pressure valve ? And what purpose does it serve? We've put together a short article to explain it all.

First of all, before tackling pressure valves, let's ask ourselves a question. What is a hydraulic motor?

A hydraulic motor is a motor that can be described as isothermal. Its function is to generate mechanical energy using hydraulic power. It is the transformation of hydraulic power into mechanical power that creates the conditions for its operation, which can be described as hydrostatic transmission.

The action of generating power in this way relies on fluid pressure. To do this, the engine does not work alone, so to speak. It is the combination of pumps, valves and other reservoirs that enable these fluids to be put under pressure. These fluids are then channelled into the engine to produce mechanical energy and keep it running. Depending on their nature and function, a motor can perform a rotary or linear movement.

Note that this transformation is reversible. This is a characteristic of most hydraulic motors.

There are four types of hydraulic motor:

  • Vane. These have a rotor fitted with blades, which, under the pressure of the fluid, causes the coupling shaft to rotate.
  • Axial piston. These pistons move under pressure and, as they rotate, force the journal to pivot by means of a linkage.
  • Radial pistons. Here, the pistons rotate on a cam, allowing several strokes to be available. The piston pushes on its connecting rod on the cam concerned and thus acts on the engine coupling shaft.
  • Geared. This has toothed wheels, one of which engages in the other to drive a rotation when a fluid passes through them

Now that the context is a little clearer and the whole thing is less vague, let's move on to pressure valves. More specifically, what is their role in our hydraulic motor? And how do they fit into the overall picture?

The pressure valve

Pressure valves play an essential role in our engine. They manage and channel the entry of hydraulic fluids into the engine and ensure that this is not excessive or below the required usage.

The aim is also to keep the output pressure stable. The idea is that, whatever the quantity of fluid entering, the outlet pressure remains at a constant and identical level. This is because the supply of hydraulic fluid to the motor must not fluctuate.

What's more, the engine must not be excessively flooded by the incoming fluid, otherwise there is a risk of mechanical damage.

The job of our pressure valve is therefore to control, regulate and monitor the distribution of the fluid. Stop it when it is no longer needed, because the engine has stopped. Keep it stable during use, so that it is neither excessive nor inferior.

So this little valve has a central role to play, and its task is vital for our hydraulic motor as a whole.

Today we found out more about the role of pressure valves in our systems. As with all the parts that make up the system, we can see that each one, in its own way and in its own place, is important. See you soon!

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