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How to reduce and limit pressure in a hydraulic system?

Optimum pressure in a hydraulic system is a fundamental issue. So it's essential to be clear about the right way to handle them. You need to know how to reduce and limit pressures to optimise the whole system. Everything in the system is interconnected, from the hydraulic fittings to the seals. So how do you reduce and limit pressure? Let's find out!

A quick reminder about hydraulic motors

Before we get started, a quick reminder about our motors.

A hydraulic motor has a simple definition. It's a motor whose purpose is to create mechanical energy by channelling and directing a hydraulic source, often a special industrial liquid. Most often an oil. The conversion of pressurised liquid into mechanical force is known as hydrostatic transmission. This is the basis of the engine we are talking about today.

This way of generating energy uses fluid pressure. It is the combination of pumps, valves and other reservoirs that enable these fluids to be put under pressure. These fluids are then channelled towards the engine to produce mechanical energy and keep it running. The movement thus created is sent to a load. The mechanical energy generated is then transformed into the rotational movement of the output shaft. So our motor can turn and do its job!

Now that we've got all that sorted out, let's move on to the subject of pressure, and in particular how to reduce and limit it.

Reducing and limiting pressure

Pressure in a hydraulic motor is essential. In fact, it is the pressure that channels the inputs to the motor, including management of the fluid and pressure drops or otherwise.

To channel it in the best possible way, we first look at the concept of minimum opening pressure.

This corresponds to the pressure that will be applied to the inlet valve to force the spring bore to let the incoming liquid through. The aim is therefore to allow liquid to enter the motor at a guaranteed minimum level.

Below this minimum pressure, the liquid cannot pass. The pressure is therefore calculated to deliver the minimum quantity required for optimum engine operation. In fact, while it guarantees the union minimum delivery, it cannot influence the maximum quantity delivered. That's the job of other valves.

This valve makes it possible to reduce and limit pressures in the engine, without causing pressure losses.

But what are these losses?

When we talk about the concept of pressure losses, we're talking about everything that is directly or indirectly affected by the reduction in engine load. In other words, any interruption or reduction in the supply of operating fluid.

In addition to a defect in the minimum required supply, i.e. the concept of minimum opening pressure, there are also the various concepts and problems linked to the condition of the fluids or pipes and valves that can hinder the proper circulation of the fluid in the engine.

These various technical problems can be as follows:

  • Oil viscosity
  • Presence of air
  • Sticking of certain spool valves
  • Oscillations

As you can see, the problems associated with pressure reductions and other issues are essential, because they inevitably end up involving the whole system itself. Good monitoring is therefore essential!

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