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How should hydraulic pumps be maintained to maximise their lifespan?

Hydraulic pumps are essential equipment for many industries, particularly those involving heavy machinery and complex production processes. However, their demanding operation can expose them to premature wear, reducing their lifespan and leading to high maintenance costs. Yet, with proper and regular maintenance, you could be using your vane or gear pump for many years to come. In this article, we'll explore how hydraulic pumps work and their advantages and disadvantages, before looking at best practice for maintaining this equipment.

How do hydraulic pumps work ?

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Hydraulic pumps are mechanical devices that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. They are mainly used to move hydraulic fluids at high pressure in hydraulic systems.

Their operation is based on the principle of pressure. Hydraulic pumps use one or more chambers to draw in hydraulic fluid at low pressure and compress it to high pressure, moving the fluid through the hydraulic system.

What types of hydraulic pumps are there ?

There are many varieties of hydraulic pump on offer in hydraulic equipment shops. However, the most popular are gear pumps, vane pumps and piston pumps.

Each uses a different method to compress hydraulic fluid and has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of efficiency, pressure and service life.

- Gear pumps

Gear pumps work by using two gears that move together to pump hydraulic fluid. As the gears rotate, they create a vacuum that draws the fluid into the pump casing, then compresses it to force it out the other side.

Often used in hydraulic systems where medium to high flow rates are required, they are relatively low cost, simple to manufacture and can operate at high pressures.

- Vane pumps

They use a moving vane to compress the fluid. The vane is held in contact with the pump housing by a spring. As the vane rotates, it compresses the fluid, then releases it to allow more fluid to be drawn in.

These pumps can provide a constant flow rate and relatively stable operating pressure. Less expensive, they can be used in a variety of applications, such as machine tools, handling equipment and hydraulic braking systems.

- Piston pumps

These have pistons that move inside cylinders to pump the fluid. The pistons are held in contact with a valve plate by a spring. As the pistons move, they compress the fluid, then release it to allow more fluid to be drawn in.

Piston pumps are often used in hydraulic systems where high pressures and high flow rates are required, and they can provide very high operating pressure. They are commonly used in industrial and mobile applications, such as machine tools, drilling equipment, cranes, construction machinery and off-road vehicles.

How are hy pumps maintained?draulic ?

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To maximise the life of your hydraulic pumps, keep them clean, check key components regularly and follow the manufacturer's instructions for lubricating your equipment.

Cleaning the hydraulic pump

The first step in maintaining your hydraulic pump is to clean it regularly to prevent the build-up of dirt and debris that can clog pipes and ducts.

The contaminants that accumulate in the pipes and ducts reduce the pressure and flow capacity of your system. To do this, remove the pipes and ducts and clean them thoroughly with clean water.

If you want to keep your machine for a long time, use a clean, dry cloth to clean all its surfaces. Make sure that all debris and dirt is removed to avoid any risk of blockage or damage to the pump the next time it is used.

Replacing worn parts

It is essential to regularly check key pump components such as seals, valves and pistons. Worn or damaged components can cause leaks and loss of pressure, which can lead to pump failure. It is therefore important to replace them as soon as they show signs of wear or damage.

Lubrication

Comment choisir son huile hydraulique ou son lubrifiant ?

Hydraulic pumps need adequate lubrication to operate correctly and prevent premature wear of components. Oil must be changed regularly and oil levels checked frequently to ensure that they are sufficient.

That said, don't forget to lubricate your machine with an appropriate quality grease, taking care not to apply too much.

Regular servicing can extend the life of the pump and reduce maintenance costs in the long term. However, if you don't have the skills to carry out these tasks, it's best to call in a professional via your local shop.

Why maintain hydraulic pumps ?

Ingénieur Mécanicien Professionnel Inspectant La Plaque De Soupape De La Pompe à Piston Hydraulique Et Rédigeant Des Rapports Pendant La Journée De Travail Au Bureau, Concept De Machinerie Lourde D'entretien De Réparation |

Like any machine, as you use your pump, it gradually pays for itself. So if you want to maximise its lifespan and avoid high replacement and repair costs, you need to look after it.

Hydraulic pumps are often used in harsh environments, such as industrial applications and mobile machinery, where they can be exposed to extreme working conditions. Pump components can wear and deteriorate over time, leading to leaks, loss of pressure and complete pump failure. However, with regular maintenance, these problems can be avoided.

Regular cleaning and proper lubrication can help prevent the build-up of dirt and debris, which can reduce premature wear of pump components. Regular checking of key pump components can help detect signs of wear or damage before they cause pump failure.

In addition, regular servicing can help reduce maintenance costs in the long term. If the pump is kept in good condition, it will last longer and require fewer costly repairs and replacements. Ultimately, this can help to reduce the overall running costs of hydraulic equipment.

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