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What is pressure?

Pressure is a FORCE exerted on a surface and is measured in bar. So P=F/S

In a thermodynamic system, pressure is a physical force that results in an exchange of momentum, particularly within a solid or fluid. But what exactly is this force? What role does it play? And more generally, what is pressure? That's what we're going to find out together over the course of this article, which will focus more specifically on the case of pressure in a hydraulic circuit.

Simply put, pressure is the intensity of the force exerted by a fluid per unit area. This intensity is expressed in pascals (Pa). It is important here to distinguish between the concepts of force and pressure, which are often confused.

  • Force: this is a phenomenon that is exerted on a body and can set it in motion or deform it. For example, by pushing, lifting, pulling, etc. The intensity of the force is expressed in Newtons.
  • Pressure: the difference here is very subtle and lies in the surface on which the force is exerted. Pressure, as already mentioned, is expressed in pascals (Pa), and corresponds to the force divided by the surface area on which it is exerted. For example, a pressure of one Pascal is a force of one Newton exerted on one square metre.

Pressure in a hydraulic circuit

In this article we take a closer look at the concept of pressure in a hydraulic system. The force in hydraulic systems is based on a difference in pressure between two zones. This difference causes a section in the equipment and generates movement. In other words, it is the use of pressurised fluids and the laws of liquids that will generate mechanical work. Pressure therefore plays an essential role. While it is essential for the hydraulic circuit to function properly, it is easy to imagine that this phenomenon, which generates power, needs to be controlled, especially as the other components and all the parts of the hydraulic system are under the effect of pressure. Incorrectly calibrated pressure can lead to malfunctions and, in the long term, even damage the circuit and its various components.

How do you regulate pressure?

It is therefore essential to monitor the pressure regularly to avoid incidents, but also to avoid putting too much strain on the equipment. To do this, we use an instrument called a manometer, which measures the pressure in the circuit. If the pressure is too low or too high, you can intervene to regulate it. This is also the role of the pressure relief valve, which limits the pressure within the circuit. It diverts excess pressure to the low-voltage circuit.

Pressure is therefore essential to the smooth operation of a hydraulic circuit. It is nonetheless essential to measure and regulate it as effectively as possible. Poorly regulated pressure can cause problems and damage the circuit in the long term. Devices that allow constant monitoring and vigilance are therefore highly recommended.

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