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What is a hydraulic system?

If you have a hydraulic system, it's essential to know how it works, both overall and specifically. Individual knowledge of each part may be necessary in the event of repairs. And, equally, knowledge of each of the links in the system helps to understand how the whole works. Here, we're going to look at theuse of a hydraulic distributor.

First of all, it's worth recalling what a hydraulic system is. It is an assembly of components that uses pressurised fluid to perform mechanical work.

Pressurising this fluid, a mineral oil, releases considerable force. This technology is therefore widely used in industry. There are four main types of hydraulic system:

  • Equipment hydraulic system
  • Steering hydraulics
  • Braking hydraulics
  • Transmission hydraulics

As we saw earlier, a hydraulic circuit is made up of several components:

  • A pump that generates the flow.
  • A hydraulic distribution system with a control system.
  • An actuator. Depending on the case, the actuator components may be sequence valves or mechanical or electrical control distributors.
  • A protection device to ensure that the pressure in the system is manageable.
  • Filters to prevent pollution of the circulating fluids.

Among these components, we are going to look at the hydraulic directional control valve. This part is central to the task entrusted to a hydraulic system: transmission.

What is a hydraulic distribution system?

In a hydraulic system, the distributors have, as their name suggests, the task of distributing the energy produced. Also known as pre-actuators, their function is to channel the energy-carrying fluid towards the target installation.

Broadly speaking, their task is to direct the fluid/energy from point A, the production, to point B, the beneficiary installation.

To this end, a distributor is equipped with at least two positions. These can be selected in several ways:

  • Manually
  • Hydraulically
  • Mechanically
  • Electrically

Whichever operating mode is selected, the hydraulic fluid is directed by the distributor to the mechanical actuators responsible for the desired action. The orientation action is performed by operating a spool, either to the right or to the left. The purpose of this is to connect the inlet and outlet ports.

The fluids used by this system are described as non-compressible. This term refers to a mineral oil whose quality is to allow rapid transmission of energy from the pump to the receivers. The direction of flow depends on the action to be achieved.

There are several types of oil, the difference being their degree of viscosity and density. The choice depends on the work to be done and the target installation.

It should be noted that they are described as incompressible fluids, as opposed to the so-called compressible fluids used in pneumatic systems. The characteristic feature of this mineral oil is its very high viscosity, making it resistant to water and serving as an ideal conductor. Basically, they are conductors of force.

This force is the energy that distribution channels from point A to point B via fluids, as its name suggests.

We hope that these instructions have given you a clearer idea of the issues surrounding a hydraulic directional control valve.

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