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What are the different hydraulic motors available?

Are you struggling in the jungle of mechanical engineering? Wondering about the differences between different hydraulic motors? Or even about the nature and function of a hydraulic motor? Don't worry, you're not alone. Whether you're trying to find out what a hydraulic distributor or an axial piston motor is, our topic of the day will help you find your way around! Let's find out together what the main types of hydraulic motor are.

Characteristics and operation of a hydraulic motor

A hydraulic motor is also known as an isothermal motor. Basically, its purpose is to generate mechanical energy by channelling and directing a hydraulic source, often a special liquid. The conversion of pressurised liquid into mechanical force is known as hydrostatic transmission. This is the basis of the engine we are talking about today.

The act of generating power in this way uses fluid pressure. To do this, the engine does not work alone, so to speak. It is the combination of pumps, valves and other reservoirs that enable these fluids to be put under pressure. These fluids are then channelled towards the engine to produce mechanical energy and keep it running. The movement thus created is sent to a load. The mechanical energy generated is then transformed into the rotational movement of the output shaft. Depending on their nature and function, a motor can perform a rotary or linear movement.

This transformation is known as reversible. This is a characteristic of most hydraulic motors.

Despite the specific features of each type of motor, the principle remains the same. As we saw earlier, the aim is still to convert liquid energy into mechanical power to drive the motor. Then it's up to the motor to power the machine for which it generates the working force!

Different hydraulic motors

There are generally four types of hydraulic motor. They fall into three main categories:

  • High-speed motors
  • Semi-fast motors
  • Slow-speed motors

Depending on the use or nature of the motor, it will be classified in one of these three categories.

As a general rule, motors can perform rotary or linear actions. This is one way of differentiating them.

Now let's look at the four main types of motor, as mentioned earlier.

The first type is the hydraulic vane motor. It has a rotor fitted with blades, which, under the pressure of the fluid, causes the coupling shaft to rotate. This produces the reaction that generates the energy.

Then there are the axial piston motors. These pistons move under pressure and, as they rotate, force the journal to pivot by means of a connection.

Thirdly, there is the radial piston engine. In this case, the pistons turn on a cam, allowing several strokes to be available. The piston pushes on its connecting rod on the cam in question, thus acting on the engine's coupling shaft.

Finally, there is the gear motor. This has toothed wheels, one of which engages in the other to drive a rotation when a fluid passes through them.

The choice of one or other of these motors depends on how you intend to use them. Now you know everything, so go for it!

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