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How does 3-way pressure reduction work?

Whether you're a student of hydraulics or a passionate dismantler of hydraulic engines, you've heard about three-way pressure reduction. And it's not so easy to answer questions about its use and its role in our engine. Fortunately, we've come up with a solution, and we've prepared this little subject on pressure regulation for you... Here we go!

Back to hydraulic motors

Before diving into the heart of our subject, let's take a look at hydraulic motors. What are hydraulic motors?

The purpose of a hydraulic motor, also known as an isothermal motor, is to generate mechanical energy using hydraulic power.

It is the conversion of hydraulics into mechanics that meets the need for its operation. The whole process can be described as hydrostatic.

A hydraulic motor can be described as isothermal. Its function is to generate mechanical energy using hydraulic power. It is the transformation of hydraulic power into mechanical power that creates the conditions for its operation, which can be described as hydrostatic transmission.

The action of generating power in this way uses fluid pressure.

This action does not occur on its own. It is in fact the combination of pumps, valves and other reservoirs that allows these fluids to be put under pressure. These fluids are then channelled towards the engine to produce mechanical energy and keep it running. Depending on their nature and function, a motor can perform rotary or linear motion.

We have briefly looked at the nature of the hydraulic motor. Now, before tackling our subject proper, a brief look at pressure valves is in order, our three-way pressure reducer being one of them.

A look at pressure valves

Pressure valves are an essential component of our hydraulic motor.

Their role is to manage and channel the entry of hydraulic fluids into the motor to make sure that the introduction of fluid is not excessive or below the required usage.

So, to sum up, our pressure valve's job is to control, regulate and monitor fluid distribution. Turn it off when it is no longer needed, because the engine has stopped. Keep it stable during use, so that it is neither excessive nor inferior.

Three-way pressure valves

After this long but necessary introduction, let's look at the specific operating features of three-way pressure valves.

The special feature of this valve is the existence of this famous third way. This is the way back to the reservoir.

The whole device is open from the inlet to the regulated channel.

The oil passes, as in the other types, through the regulated channel, with the manual channel closing by shifting a kind of spool when capacity is reached. If the pressure increases further, the orifice shifts again to evacuate, via the third channel, the excess oil in the initial container.

This ingenious dynamic ensures that the supply is not interrupted and that our system is not overexposed to excess oil.

What's more, by returning it directly to its original behaviour, it avoids wastage and allows the mechanical oil thus evacuated to return to the use compartment when it's needed again.

Now you know everything. See you soon for a new exploration of our hydraulic motors and valves!

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