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Screw pumps

Used in industry to transfer mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, the fixed-displacement pumps are highly valued for their ability to maintain a constant flow rate at a given pressure. Although there are several varieties, screw pumps seem to be the least well known on the market. However, they have some very advantageous features compared with rotary vane or variable displacement piston pumps. In this article, we take a closer look at their characteristics, how they work and their advantages over other types of hydraulic pump.

What are screw pumps ?

Pompes à vis : expertise, fonctionnement et avantages

Screw pumps are types of hydraulic pumps that transfer mechanical energy into hydraulic energy using a twin-screw impeller. The screws engage with each other and move in opposite directions to create a cavity that transports the liquid through the pump.

What are the different types of screw pump ?

Depending on the configuration and operating mode, you'll find several models of hydraulic screw pumps in specialist shops, both physical and online.

The most common are helical screw pumps, progressive cavity pumps, smooth-bore screw pumps, twin-screw pumps, triple-screw pumps and worm pumps.

- Helical screw pumps

Pompes à vis Hélicoïdale - Fluideco

Often used for high viscosity liquids, these pumps operate using one or more helical screws. The screws are generally arranged to form a working cavity, which moves along the axis of the pump as the screws rotate.

- Smooth-bore screw pumps

Produits

They use two or three smooth screws in the shape of a crescent moon, which can be moved in any directionthe screws rotate inside a cylindrical pump housing. Fluid is drawn in through the pump inlet and conveyed into the spaces between the screws and the pump housing, where it is progressively compressed and moved along the pump axis.

- Triple screw pumps

Pompes à 3 vis conforme à la convention MARPOL | Le Journal des Fluides

Unlike single or twin screw pumps, which have one or two cylindrical or helical screws, triple screw pumps have three cylindrical screws rotating simultaneously inside a cylindrical casing.

They are used in a variety of applications, including in the oil and gas industry for transferring petroleum products such as crude oil, petrol, diesel and paraffin. They are also used in the marine industry for pumping fuel and lubricants.

Their advantages include their ability to pump high-viscosity liquids, quiet operation, low flow pulsation and energy efficiency. They also have high fluid transfer capacity, good resistance to cavitation and good self-priming ability.

However, they are generally more expensive than single or twin screw pumps and require regular maintenance to maintain optimum performance.

- Twin screw pumps

Pompes Volumétriques à Double Vis - BFR Systems

They are used infor applications requiring a higher flow rate, and three-screw pumps, which are used for applications requiring higher pressure.

- Progressive cavity pumps

pompe à vis excentrée fonctionnement | Foritech

They have an eccentric rotor in relation to the stator, which creates a series of pockets of liquid that are transported through the pump as it rotates.

- Worm pumps

Les pompes à vis sans fin - IWAKI France

Also known as conical screw pumps or Archimedean screw pumps, worm pumps have a conical screw that rotates inside a conical guide tube.

They are often used to pump viscous liquids or solid materials in suspension, such as sludges, pastes and pulps. They are also commonly used for pumping wastewater, and in the mining and quarrying industries.

Their advantages include their ability to pump high-viscosity liquids, low sensitivity to suspended solids, low flow pulsation and energy efficiency.

However, they also have disadvantages, such as relatively low rotation speed and susceptibility to obstructions or blockages, which may limit their use in certain applications.

How do screw pumps work ?

Screw pumps work by using a twin-screw rotor to transfer mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The rotor generally consists of two interconnected spiral-shaped screws that engage with each other. As the rotor rotates, the screws move in opposite directions, creating cavities of constant volume that transport the liquid through the pump.

As the screws move through the pump, the volume of the cavity decreases, pushing the liquid towards the pump outlet. The amount of liquid that is displaced with each revolution depends on the geometry of the screws and the flow rate of the pump.

Screw pumps are often used in applications requiring a constant flow rate at a given pressure, as they are able to maintain a constant flow rate at a constant pressure.

Screw pumps are also known for their ability to handle high viscosity liquids and high temperatures. This is because screws are able to transport thicker liquids than other types of hydraulic pump due to their geometry and ability to create cavities of constant volume.

Screw pumps are often used in applications where low noise and low flow pulsation are important, as they generally produce less noise and vibration than other types of hydraulic pump.

Why use screw pumps ?

Pompes à vis - FranceEnvironnement

Screw pumps offer a variety of advantages.

Firstly, they operate silently, which is an important advantage in working environments where noise must be kept to a minimum. What's more, these pumps are highly energy-efficient, making them economical to run and reducing their impact on the environment.

Screw pumps are also capable of operating at high pressures and high temperatures. This makes them suitable for applications where the liquid has to be pumped at high pressure or high temperature.

They are also capable of handling high-viscosity liquids, making them useful for applications such as the production of lubricants, chemicals and foodstuffs.

Another advantage of this type of fixed-displacement pump is its ability to produce a stable, uniform flow without pulsating, as in cooling or heating systems.

Finally, screw pumps are easy to maintain and repair, with relatively low maintenance costs compared with other types of hydraulic pump.

Still on the same theme

- Piston pumps

- Vane pumps

- Hydraulic gear pumps

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